Cost of production for energy cane was adopted from sugarcane budgets as agronomic practices and field operations for sugarcane and energy cane were similar providing a valuable platform for production costs on energy cane production in non-traditional areas [4, 5]. Don't fill irrigation water more than 2 inches when the plant becomes 20 cm long. On the first lactation, Hf cow produces 35 to 40 liters of milk per day for the next 2 months. During the harvesting process, plants cut direct from their bottom portion of the stem but just above(2 to 3 inches) from the ground. When considering the grass yield of cultivation, the annual CH 4 yield per area obtained from Napier grass at the cutting intervals of 30, 40, 60 and 90 days was 2700, 4763, 6500 and 6013 m 3 . Cotton acreage was 1.13 million yielding 966 pounds per acre with a value of $694 million. In this research, all plots were planted in the same year (CY 2010) and the planting costs distributed across harvested years. For the plantation of Napier grass, there are two methods used: In this method, you need to first dig the field up to 20 centimetres wide and 20 centimetres deep by maintaining a distance of up to 90 centimetres in between the rows and a distance of 60 centimetres between the plants. Daily soil water potential at 0.2, 0.4, and 0.6m is entered in the program. Though the production of seeds is not that consistent, the collection part is very tough. In rectangular pits, plantation of 10 cuttings should be done for every length 90 centimetres. The average Sahiwal cow weight is 450 kg. Farmers should, therefore, continue to establish Napier grass using the current recommended size of three-node cuttings. Disease mainly spreads through wind and plant materials. Napier grass can grow in a large variety of soils. When harvesting the fodder should be remove along the ground level. Linda-Maria Dimitrova Mrtensson, Ana Barreiro, Erik Steen Jensen, Sichao Wang, Gregg R. Sanford, Kurt D. Thelen, Sunil Kumar, T. Kiran Kumar, Probir Kumar Ghosh, Flabiele S. da Silva, Leandro F. Domiciano, Bruno C. Pedreira, Aikaterini Karyoti, Kyriakos D. Giannoulis, Nicholaos G. Danalatos, Mousumi Mondal, Sourav Garai, Rajib Kundu, Ernst H. Smit, Johann A. Strauss & Pieter A. Swanepoel, BioEnergy Research Merkeron napier grass (Pennisetum purpureum) plots were established in 2010 and harvested during crop years 2011 through 2015 adjacent to an on-going peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.), corn (Zea mays L.), and cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) cropping systems study conducted at the USDA/ARS Multi-crop Irrigation Research Farm in Shellman, GA (84 36 W, 30 44 N) on a Greenville fine sandy loam (fine, kaolinitic, thermic Rhodic Kandiudults). READ MORE: WASTE DECOMPOSER! Nitrogen rates included 84, 168, and 336kgha1 and potassium was applied at 45 and 90kgha1. This method gives good results than the conventional one. Very good yields are obtained from the soils which are fertile with rich content of organic matter and nutrients. First, you need to separate the soil at the top from the subsoil. Plantation of many numbers of rows maintaining a space of at least 3 feet should be done in between the rows. 50 kg P and 50 kg K per hectare using urea (46% N), triple superphosphate, TSP (20% P) and muriate . Napier grass is one of the important perennial tropical forage crop belong to family Poaceae. The breakeven prices in the non-irrigated, 50% irrigated, and 100% irrigated regimes are provided in Table 5. Feed 70 kg or 7 headloads of fresh Napier grass to a dairy cow per day. Such people easily become ready to start their own hydroponic farming business at the commercial level. In India, Napier grass seeds per kg are about Rs . It is native to Africa but is now grown in many tropical countries. Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative, Over 10 million scientific documents at your fingertips, Not logged in Peanut Sci 37:100105, Nuti RC, Lamb MC, Sorensen RB, Truman CC (2009) Agronomic and economic response to furrow diking in irrigated and non-irrigated cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.). Generally, Napier grass can grow between 10 to 33 degrees Celcius, but more or less temperature affects their growth including a sudden change in seasonal conditions. It is not developed for layer egg farming. Reduce the radius of the crops once every two to three years and maintain the size of the bar 3 * 2 feet. Super Napier grass yield per acre. The soils which are light loamy and sandy are most preferred and heavy soils are not much encouraged for the growth of Napier grass. Gir cow milk and Ghee quality is very unique and high, feeding and caring are very affordable and easy to manage even in a small budget. Create '^' shapes row sections at the distance of 2 feet each. For a long time, naturally cultivated farming can save 8 years of good yield and protein level. A mixture of super Napier grass with dry fodder increases the immunity of animals. Cross commodity breakeven prices provide the prices change required such that the net returns between crops are equal. Google Scholar, Coffin AW, Strickland TC, Anderson WF, Lamb MC, Lowrance RR, Smith CM (2016) Potential for production of perennial biofuel feedstocks in conservation buffers on the coastal plain of Georgia, USA. After 80 days, after the first harvest, the weed can be take if necessary. The model is designed to avoid crop stress while triggering irrigation at the most efficient timing and volume to avoid over-irrigation. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. There are separate Irrigator Pro models for peanut, cotton, and corn. Napier grass (cv. Wet soil is preferred at the roots but you need to make sure that it is not stagnated. Head smut was reported first in 1910 from Napier grass specimen collected from Cameroon. Napier grass was produced in both non-irrigated and two irrigated levels with different levels of nitrogen and potassium fertilizers. It was easy for desi cows to produce 20 to 25 liters of milk daily without any hesitation. The establishment of seedlings will be done very rapidly from the slips rather than the ones which are grown from stem cuttings. The GA-06G peanut cultivar was used in all crop years at a seeding rate of 19 seed m1 [12]. Napier grass stunt diseased growth from cut clumps, Stunt disease infected plant and the plant hopper that transmits the disease. The soft stem of the Napier grass makes it very simple for cutting. Depending up on the soil, water, and method of agriculture harvest may be done depending upon the maturity and yield accordingly. Agric Water Manag 96:10781084, Mooney DF, Roberts RK, English BC, Tyler DD, Larson JA (2009) Yield and breakeven price of Alamo switchgrass for biofuels in Tennessee. Conventional tillage practices were followed for peanut, corn, and cotton. Super Napier Grass price per kg. Principal purpose of chicken farm is to raise chickens for meat. Total rainfall received was fairly consistent in all years for all crops with the exception of 2013. Plots were harvested using a two row spindle picker using a bagging attachment to obtain samples for yield and quality determination. HF cow gets the first lactation after becoming at least 2 years old. Green fodder yield of 17- 180 tonnes /ha per year in 8 cuts can be obtained. 2016. Google Scholar, Knoll JE, Anderson WF, Malik R, Hubbard RK, Strickland TC (2013) Production of Napier grass for bioenergy under organic versus inorganic fertilization in the Southeast USA. Plantation of seedlings should be done in holes which are small or it can also be done in furrows. 2014. Gir cows are very productive and useful in Sustainable dairy farming projects. For corn, the breakeven price was reached in 2years during the 5-year period and 7years of the 10-year period. This makes it a very good raw material for the production of biofuel. The entire stem should be planted at the time of heavy rainfall and in the areas which are hilly. Irrigation scheduling (timing and amount) was managed by the Irrigator Pro for peanut, corn, and cotton program developed and released by the USDA/ARS NPRL. It has the ability to withstand repeated cutting and will rapidly regenerate, producing palatable leafy shoots [ 4 ]. United States is the number one country which holds the maximum number of poultry farms globally. Mooney et al. Now in the round pits, plantation of about 10 cane cuttings should be done. Its like similar to the working of in a pr, The thing that bothers beginners of the Dairy farming business is the selection of high milk-producing cattle. Although the establishment of Napier grass is labour intensive, planting three-node cuttings will ensure high survival rates, sustained high dry matter production and a high number of Napier grass planting material (Table 3). The disease need more attention since there is risk of spreading to other African countries. The results of the relative profitability of traditional cropping systems in irrigated and non-irrigated production environments parallel a Southeastern cropping system study focused on net returns of individual crops in irrigated and non-irrigated cropping system. The laboratory-based biogas plant and a biogas . After the sowing process gets completed, the first irrigation does just by showering water on the soil. Co.CN4 is another hybrid Napier grass released by TNAU, Coimbatore, is a cross between Cumbu Co.8 and Napier grass F.T.461. Because the food (fodder) is a mixture of poisonous, feeding livestock that causes death. Selected cuttings or seeds must have at least 2 nodes, otherwise, the yield will not be satisfying. The alternative source is applying natural pesticide. The required breakeven prices in the 50 and 100% napier grass irrigation levels were basically the same. Butts, E.J. However, since napier grass is a perennial with multi-year production cycle, the breakeven prices for napier grass must be also calculated relative to the peanut, cotton, corn rotation system and not just against each crop individually. Resulting from objective 2 will be cross commodity breakeven prices for each crop such that returns per acre are equal providing price points at which napier grass is economically competitive to the cropping system as well as crops with the system. Utilizing a GIS-based approach to estimate production potential of three perennial grasses (giant miscanthus (Miscanthus giganteus), Merkeron napier grass (Pennisetum purpureum), and Alamo switchgrass (Panicum virgatum)), it was estimated that 2.29.4 Tg year1 of total biomass and 7783296 Ml year1 of ethanol could be produced annually on marginal lands (field borders and grassed waterways) in the Coastal Plain Region of Georgia. Make sure that the shoots are left open to air. BIHAR THUNDERSTORM | SAFETY MEASURES FOR FARMERS. However, net returns associated with higher irrigation and nitrogen levels were basically the same because of the added costs. J Plant Reg 1:120120, Williams EJ, Drexler JS (1981) A non-destructive method for determining peanut pod maturity. https://doi.org/10.1111/gcbb.12320, USDA-NASS. . It produce large number of tillers. The soil should be fully absorbed and given the required nutrients then the soil should be extinguished. The propagation of Napier grass can be done easily. The propagation of Napier grass is done by seeds. However, when analyzed across all K application rates, N did have a significant effect on napier grass yield (P=0.0185). Essentially, all US sugarcane is produced in Florida, Louisiana, and Texas totaling 26.9 million metric tons in 2012. All the growth stimulants that provide natural methods of pest and natural nutrients should be through the leaf for 15 days before harvest. If you don't have parental land then it cost higher than expected, but if you have already then it cost you very little in a year. A study conducted in South Florida on mineral soil focused on the breakeven price of ethanol for ranges of biomass yields and processing costs concluding energy cane production could offer an economically feasible bioenergy feedstock [5]. Stem cuttings (3 nodes lengths) were placed in a sand and soil mix during the fall of 2009. There should be a gap of at least 15 cm at the top of every pit. BioEnergy Res 6(2):110, Mark TB, Salassi ME, Deliberto MA (2009) Developing a cellulosic ethanol industry in Louisiana. The Napier grass which is harvested should be chopped to decrease the wastage at the time of animal feeding. Knoll JE, Anderson WF, Strickland TC, Hubbard RK, Malik R (2012) Low-input production of biomass from perennial grasses in the coastal plain of Georgia, USA. Thus, it is the best choice to get more benefits in terms of cost, space . In 2015, Georgia peanut acreage was 785,000 with a yield of 4330 pounds per acre and a farm gate value of $656 million. Thus, producer objectives would drive irrigation level. Appl Energy 86:22732282, Lamb MC, Rowland DL, Sorensen RB, Butts CL, Faircloth WH, Nuti RC (2006) Economic returns of irrigated and non-irrigated peanut based cropping systems. The results of this research provide the baseline for Southeast producers to evaluate napier grass production in both irrigated and non-irrigated environments relative to traditional cropping systems. Poultry farming is a method of raising chickens for meat . Interest and focus on development of renewable biofuels has been increasing over the past decade leading to the introduction of a wide cadre of renewable feedstocks. Holstein Friesian is the full name of HF cow. Poultry farm, 5000 chicken farming Business plan, shed size, investment cost and project report 2022, Hydroponic farming setup cost, subsidy, investment and profit margin in India, HF cow and milk production per day, price, and milk price per litre, Gir cow milk per day, price, identity, feeding, ghee, and use in dairy farming, Sahiwal cow, milk per day, price, milk price per liter, identity, dairy farming performance. But sadly they don't know the truth of training, setup, investment, and profit margin in hydroponic farming. The use of alternative biomass sources that are not competitive with food production is intended for sustainable management in biogas production through anaerobic digestion. In the Coastal Plain region of Georgia, cropping systems primarily consist of peanut, cotton, and corn produced in both irrigated and non-irrigated regimes. Stalker, (eds.). Make sure that you are applying at least 10 to 12 tonnes of farmyard manure in each and every hole. Azospirillum and phosphonates (800g per acre) or azophos (1600g) mix with 75% of recommended nitrogen and phosphorus, increase yield and reduce 25% fertilizer. The first harvesting of Super Napier grass does after 60 to 70 days. Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content: Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article. Gir cow and milk production in India Even after keeping a desi tag, Gir cows are either the first or the second choice to start dairy farming in most of the country regions in India. No yield differences resulted at the 100% irrigation level between 84 and 168kgha1N rate or comparing the 168 and 336kgha1N rates. In the 50% irrigation level, the prices for peanuts, cotton, and corn would be $390.53Mg1, $1.41kg1, and $191.56Mg1, respectively. Within 50 and 100% irrigation treatments, the required breakeven for peanuts was not reached in either the 5 or 10-year periods showing that irrigated peanuts were more profitable. A weighted system is used to average soil water potential over the 3 depths where the shallowest sensor carries 43% of the average compared to 32% at 0.4m and 25% at 0.6m. An average soil water potential of 50kPa will trigger irrigation [14, 15]. It has the ability to withstand repeated cutting and will rapidly regenerate, producing palatable leafy shoots [4]. Most people are now interested in Foreign breeds like Jersey and HF like cows. Peanut, corn, and cotton were also produced in irrigated and non-irrigated environments. Breakeven prices for napier grass ranged from $65 to $84Mg1 at variable and total costs. Salassi et al. 2013 focused on crop establishment cost and whole farm production costs of five perennial energy cane varieties produced under differing crop cycle lengths [4]. Before starting the cultivation of Napier grass, plough the field and harrow it very well. After each harvest, 30 kg of nitrogen (65 kg of urea) will be given higher yield. Irrigator Pro for corn and cotton uses estimated daily crop water use in accordance with established base values within various growth stages. It is almost between the front and back legs. Yield range is 380-400 tons/ha. Every cutting must fix at a 45 to 55-degree angle. After that, Super Napier grass will grow very fast and densely. How To Control LEAF CURL VIRUS In Chilli? For non-irrigated practices, the required breakeven price for peanuts was not reached during the 5-year period and twice during the 10-year period (Table 6). . Now, place the splits of the root in the holes of planting and cover the soil. In the 100% irrigation level, the prices for peanuts, cotton, and corn would be $394.29Mg1, $1.42kg1, and $193.56Mg1, respectively. Economic feasibility of biofuel crops in Florida: energycane on mineral soils. Lamb, M.C., Anderson, W.F., Strickland, T.C. One acre of Napier grass planted by the conventional method can give enough feed for 1 to 2 dairy cows for one year Economic comparison of energy cane as a bioenergy feedstock has been a focus in these regions. These horns are not so big but they are one of the signs to identify the Gir cow breed. Harvest the crop once in 45 days. It can also be grown in combination with fodder trees along with the boundaries of the field or contour lines to help to prevent the soil erosion. Don't cut the fully grown plants directly on the level of the surface at the time of harvesting. Merkeron napier grass plots were established in 2010 and harvested during crop years 2011 through 2015 adjacent to an on-going peanut, corn, and cotton cropping systems study. USDA Natl. In term of cost to maintain Napier grass was 77.4 US$ per year. . 2011. Each and every seedling has to be separated from the clump. . Cenchrus purpureus, synonym Pennisetum purpureum, also known as Napier grass, elephant grass or Uganda grass, is a species of perennial tropical grass native to the African grasslands. Your seed/cutting must have at least 2 nodes, otherwise, your yield may not be in extra amount. Corn was planted at 6.5 seeds m1. Peanut Res. Analysis of variance showed that irrigation level had a significant effect on partial net returns (P=0.0498). The amount of protein is reduced.when cultivated in sand. Sahiwal cow and milk production Let's start with identity terms of Sahiwal cow to identify a pure Sahiwal cow breed- Sahiwal cow identity Head - Sahiwal cow head is long in size and round on forehead in shape. Fertilizer treatments were applied in April of each year over the entire three row plot. Data were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) using SAS JMP12 and Tukeys Honest Significant Difference (HSD) was used to test in crop yield response to irrigation and fertility treatments. Table 6 provides the yearly non-irrigated napier grass yield, breakeven napier grass price relative to the peanut, cotton, corn cropping system, and the breakeven price of each crop within the cropping system compared to napier grass. Cinc. Irrigation and fertilizer treatments began in spring of 2011. Moreover, for the production of Napier grass, less water and nutrients are required. Cost for irrigation was based the actual irrigation applied each year at $50.2 per hectare-cm. Next irrigations apply after few days of the weeding process. The breakeven napier grass price was estimated such that the net returns were equal between napier grass and peanut, cotton, corn cropping systems. Calculating breakeven yields, prices, and cross commodity prices in annual crops is straightforward. At the 50% irrigation level, N rates of 168 and 336kgha1 rates increased yield compared to the 84kgha1N rate. Merkeron) was established in 10-cm pots in the greenhouse for transplanting the following spring. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 145:1321, Article Each of these used a net present value approach to estimate annualized establishment and production costs. Because of the irrigation water, some spontaneous plants and useless grass can grow with Super Napier grass. In non-irrigated production regime napier grass was, however, more competitive. Weight - Sahiwal cow is a heavyweight animal. . This will incluces germination positively.The stem at interval of 60 cms gab. 1. Cane cuttings are placed at an angle of 450 inside the planting holes. The reproduction of Napier grass is done in a vegetative way through shoots which are horizontal called stolon which locate above the soil extending from the parent to the offspring. Treatments were arranged in randomized complete block design that included four replicates under three irrigation levels. The napier grass breakeven prices ($ Mg1) were obtained by dividing the cost per hectare (including land rent) by the dry matter yield. When planting the seeds, tighten the soil to lighten the soil. These '^' shapes will help plants to get all the ingredients particularly without disturbing another one. 11, 574582 (2018). It produces more tillers with soft and juicy stem, free from pest and diseases and non-lodging. Crop, Forage, and Turfgrass Management. With the grass yielding about 600 bales per acre in one season and you can harvest 4 times in an year.The 2400 bales of Brachiaria grass can generate about 720000 .A bale of Brachiaria grass is more expensive than boma Rhodes and sells at 400.Brachial gives 20 tonnes of green fodder per acre. According to statista.com report, there were more than 23.7 billion chickens in the world in 2019. Can be grown for commercial hay production. Gir cow identity Head and body structure Gir cow head is quite different from other desi cow breeds. After getting sprout and 15 to 20 days older, when plants get 15 cm height, we knew first irrigation apply on the plants. In particular, the yield is not reduced when the crops are cultivated on the beach sand. For dairy farming purpose, people want to have hf cows instead of many desi cows. Peanuts were dug and inverted using a 2-row inverter and allowed to cure in the field to approximately 18% moisture content. In one year, 6 to 8 crops of Super Napier grass can be harvest. Correspondence to Super Napier grass even can recover the 30 to 40% amount of less dry fodder. Net returns were most influenced by irrigation, crop rotation sequence, and commodity price. Introducing a spectacular hybrid Super Napier plant that has unique characteristics to adopt as animal feedstock by the livestock owners. Yields are highest at the 100% irrigation level. 2. Plough the land with help of tractors or whatever method you want to. Defence from the desease. Peanut Sci 33:8592, USDA-ARS, National Peanut Research Laboratory, 1011 Forrester Dr., SE, Dawson, GA, 39842, USA, USDA-ARS, Crop Genetics and Breeding Research Unit, 115 Coastal Way, Tifton, GA, 31794, USA, USDA-ARS, Southeast Watershed Research Laboratory, 2316 Rainwater Road, Tifton, GA, 31794, USA, Timothy C. Strickland,Alisa W. Coffin&Oliva Pisani, You can also search for this author in An alternative method to address this is to estimate the price change for peanuts, cotton, and corn that would be required for equal returns of the peanut, cotton, corn production system to napier grass. Some people can't distinguish between Jersey and hf cows. Super Napier grows well in all types of water. . In this method, a specific kind of rooster is the primary choice for meat. Infected plants show thinner, shorter stems and produce few small size leaves. Later the disease reported from other countries like Uganda (1930), Rwanda (1963), Tanzania (1975), Kenya (1980) and Congo. Although yield increases were associated with increasing N rates in the irrigated regimes, partial budget analysis for N rates showed no difference in net returns to N rates (P=0.4217). Therefore the weeds do not sprout. GCB Bioenergy 8:11621177. During Napier grass cultivation, organic composting is very helpful and saves your money to buy fertilizers from the market. Field research was conducted at the USDA/ARS National Peanut Research Laboratorys Multi-crop Irrigation Research Farm in Shellman, GA, USA (84 36 W, 30 44 N) on a Greenville fine sandy loam (fine, kaolinitic, thermic Rhodic Kandiudults). 4 Utilisation Chop the harvested Napier grass and desmodium to reduce wastage while feeding to animals. In current reports, chicken is 22% part of total meat globally. . That is when the climate is warm. Although slight variations existed in certain years due to weather or equipment availability, tillage operations basically consisted of disking, subsoiling, S-tine field cultivating, rototill to establish seed beds, and planting. Two dairy cows can feed on the Napier grass cultivated in an acre of land in a year. Perusal of table 1 revealed that majority of the beneficiaries (50%) observed the yield of 22 tons per acre. Plots were 15.2M and harvested using a 2-row pull type peanut thresher with a bagging attachment. Weeding can be done just before 20 days of your next crops. Now, use soil in order to cover the roots. Excess green feed can be preserved in the form of silage. - 91.234.33.200. Once the weed is taken out the soil has to be enriched with sufficient nutrients, so that the crop yield much.After the first weed (30 days) or the second (45 days) taken the weed will grow depends on the nature of the soil. The roots of the Napier grass which are deep are the ones which make it resistant to drought. There is no need to weed after that. Slider with three articles shown per slide. Number of Stems required to grow super napier crop is 10, 000 to 12,000 stems for an acre. Peanuts contributed the highest influence to net returns followed by cotton and lastly corn within the cropping system [21]. Her horns are quite curved upwards. Next subsequent harvesting is done on the gap of 45 to 50 days each. However, all plots were harvested minimum yield impact. After 25 to 30 days, weeding of spontaneous plants is necessary, otherwise, they can stop the growth of your crop. The crop of Napier grass will be sown mostly in the last week of February to the last week of August in India. These nodes can be purchase by local farmers or your nearby branch under the government scheme. It can produce several crops per year and local experts estimate that an area smaller than a fifth of New York's Central Park, or about 150 acres, could yield 1 megawatt in grass power. Napier plant plays a major role in the production of biomass. Let's start with how to identify hf cows. At least 14045 splits are required for planting per acre. Napier grass also grows very well at an altitude of 1800 m to 2000m above the sea level. Never use chemical pesticides because Super Napier plants don't get diseases. In addition, economic comparisons were made with a traditional cropping system in the region consisting of peanut, cotton, and corn to calculate the price required for economic competitiveness. Hydroponic Farming Setup in India - a Full Guide. But Gir cow is among those high milk-producing cows that can compete with HF and Jersey in some sense. Planting whole stems is useful during the heavy rains, and in hilly areas where you need the grass to sprout quickly to cover the ground. super Napier yield in the natural irrigation is better. High leaf stem rate ; Durers (25 - 30 punches) and tilted. The soil should be Extinguishing once in 150 days. It should be in such a way that the seedbed should be very good for the plantation. Super Napier grass is good for goats, even for the bigger cattle. The breakeven prices are calculated for total costs (variable and fixed costs) for all crops. Method of propagation. Available at http://www.nass.usda.gov (accessed 10 October 2016). Napier grass had lower global warming (GW) impacts and biomass delivery costs, 34-153 kg CO eq. Organic compost is basic fertilizer that can use with almost every kind of cultivation. When viewed within irrigation levels, the partial net returns to N did not vary within any of the irrigation rates, but the returns were numerically higher at the 168 and 336kgha1 than the lower rate suggesting the higher rates will provide yield stability and provide marginally higher returns to N application at these rates. Care should be taken to ensure that at least 2 nodes are within the soil. Part of Springer Nature. Data required for Irrigator Pro includes soil type, planting date, daily rainfall and irrigation amounts, and growth stage. A randomized block design was used to compare sprinkler irrigation with a non-irrigated control during the 20112015 crop years with three replications, and each crop was produced in each crop year within the rotation sequences. They sow as a plant to plant distance should be 2 feet and row to row distance should be 2 feet. The disease reduces forage yield by 40 to 90%. It is also called Uganda grass or elephant grass. 8 harvests per annum. The plantation of Napier grass is done in the marginal slopes and lands in order to improve the fertility of the soil and to decrease the erosion of soil. It has high 400 to 450 leaves/pitch.It has high 400 to 450 leaves/pitch. 9:587600, Hanna WW, Chaparro CJ, Mathews BW, Burns JC, Sollenberger LE, Carpenter JR (2004) Perennial Pennisetums. Super Napier grass seeds price. Later it starts to decrease and stop to 30 liters pe, Most people keep doubts in their minds that desi cows are not good to start a dairy farming business of high investment and low production of milk. He focuses on learning and delivering knowledge on Agriculture and Home Gardening. To achieve this goal, increased emphasis was placed on the development of cellulosic biofuels. Differences in napier grass yield resulted between the irrigation rates and the non-irrigated yield (Table 3). peoria jr mustangs youth hockey, , algiers motel police officers now,