Combined with the results of the sampling survey, set =0.3 and set =10%. Alcohol creates a sense of false confidence which can lead to risk-taking behaviour behind the wheel. 4, pp. 54, no. Lytx technology is validated and backed by the largest and fastest-growing driving database of its kind. Considering the actual speed of the urban expressway and the ability to follow the vehicle in the simulated driving environment, the speed of the LV was designed to be 65km/h. Children learn many of their behaviors from their parents, and this is especially true when it comes to driving habits. driving behaviors (5)Calculation of indicator information quantity. He et al., ID-YOLO: real-time salient object detection based on the drivers fixation region, IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems, vol. 1, pp. Finally, the grey correlation analysis method was introduced to verify the assessment effect of VSC. Risk Assessment of Distracted Driving Behavior Based on Visual The subjects were ensured to have a normal diet and rest without alcohol or drugs for 24h before the test while avoiding strenuous exercise. Lytxisa leading provider of video telematics, analytics, safety, and productivity solutions for commercial, public sector, and field service fleets. Risky driving behaviors increase as common sleep disorder worsens Diagnosing, treating sleep apnea may make driving safer for older adults by Tamara Bhandari April 14, 2022 Getty Images Up to half of older adults may have sleep apnea, a condition in which breathing and sleep are briefly interrupted many times a night. The increase in the number of U.S. drivers engaging in risky driving behavior is troubling, said Morgan Dean, public and government affairs manager at AAA Mid-Atlantic. A July 2009 VTTI study shows that above all, texting is one of the most dangerous behaviors a driver can engage in. Finally, the grey correlation analysis was used to quantify the sensitivity of three driving states affecting VSC under different traffic conditions, and the correlation degrees of different driving states were consistent with the variation rule of mean VSC, which further verified the validity of VSC on the risk assessment results of driving states. Copyright 2023 CarInsurance.com. Set. The pretest did not involve any arrangement of secondary driving tasks, and the SV was in a free driving state that was not affected by the road speed limit and other vehicles. The equation for calculating the variation coefficient of the indicator is as follows: Indicator conflict analysis. 112, 2018. Comparison of drivers IEFA for each driving state in different traffic conditions. We harness the power of video to help clients see what happened in the past, manage their operations more efficiently in the present, and improve driver behavior to change the future. Risky traffic behavior includes participation in illegal high-speed competitions (street racing), driving without driving license or ignoring traffic police signals, non-compliance with traffic legislation, and alcohol abuse in various social situations, indirectly linked to driving ( Meinhard, 2019 ). 34, no. N. Zhao, B. Reimer, B. Mehler, L. A. A speeding ticket could also result in a driver losing their safe driving discount, increasing your rate. In the two traffic conditions, the mean VSC of drivers in the cell phone operation state generally decreased compared to the normal driving state, with a lower decrease rate in the hands-free call state, 4.80% and 2.86% in free flow and congested flow, respectively, while the decrease rates of the mean VSC in video call state reached 28.46% and 25.05%, respectively, further indicating that the impact of video call operation on drivers driving safety is significantly higher than that of hands-free call. A recent study found this to be the case, During the test, the subjects were required to drive the SV to follow the LV in front and keep a certain following distance. Ages 60-74: 67.3 percent. The analysis shows that all kinds of cell phone call operations caused a general decrease in drivers VSC, among which the negative impact of the video call on driving safety was more significant, and the decrease in VSC was significantly higher than that of the hands-free call. With traffic deaths on the rise, psychologists are being called on By calculating the correlation coefficient between evaluation indicators and taking the absolute value, the conflict between indicators is measured. 5, pp. The PARSV of all drivers was calculated, as shown in Figure 6, which was mainly distributed from 2.726 to 3.316dB in free flow and 2.851 to 3.352dB in congested flow. Therefore, the test recruited 18 nonprofessional drivers as subjects, aged from 24 to 51years (mean value is 33.2, and the standard deviation is 9.8). 8697, 2018. 537541, 2021. Comparison of drivers saccade amplitude for each driving state in different traffic conditions. In order to analyze the stability of drivers visual information processing in different driving states and evaluate the negative impact of different driving states on driving safety based on microscopic visual characteristics indicators, the comprehensive scores of drivers visual characteristics indicators in different driving states under two traffic conditions were calculated, respectively, based on the objective weighting results of the improved CRITIC method, which were defined as the visual stability coefficient (VSC) of drivers. Risky driving behavior No. J. Tang, S. Zhang, X. Chen, F. Liu, and Y. J. Zou, Taxi trips distribution modeling based on entropy-maximizing theory: a case study in harbin city-China, Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, vol. Due to the intelligent and diversified functions of cell phones, operating cell phones has been one of the main causes of driving distraction [79]. There were significant differences in RCPA among drivers in different driving states under different traffic conditions. Laura is an award-winning editor with experience in content and communications covering auto insurance and personal finance. Here's eveything you need to know about the dangers of These data show the alarming impact of alcohol and marijuana use on the choices drivers make when they get behind the wheel, said Jake Nelson, AAAs director of traffic safety advocacy and research. Risky Driving Behaviors : Car Safety - Carjunky 10291041, 2020. While drivers consistently acknowledge that certain risky behaviors behind the wheel, such as speeding and driving impaired, are not safe, many still engage in Lytxs scale and enduring commitment to customer-centered innovation has allowed us to create the best edge-detection and alerting technology in the industry, said Brandon Nixon, Lytx chairman and CEO. Cocaine and methamphetamine can make drivers more aggressive and reckless. The design of the distracted driving simulation test followed the process shown in Figure 1. In order to explore the individual differences in pupil area, the significance test was performed on the pupil area of the drivers, and the results of one-way ANOVA are shown in Table 9, with significant individual differences in the pupil area of the drivers. Wearing a seat belt reduces the risk of serious injury or death in a crash by up to 50 percent. In contrast, most drivers were in a state of visually distracted during the video call, the driving load surged, so the search range needed to be expanded for safety compensation. Even in small amounts, alcohol can affect a drivers reaction time and driving ability. Speeding is a top contributor to crashes along Americas roadways and is a type of aggressive driving, which has been on the rise. The VSC of all drivers was counted, as shown in Figure 11, and the VSC was mainly distributed from 0.309 to 0.728 in free flow and from 0.288 to 0.686 in congested flow. Learn about the latest in fleet and compliance management through our comprehensive Resource Hub. 647653, 2021. Finally, Section 6 provides an overview discussion of the research results and suggests further research directions. Learn how to avoid unnecessary arguments and recognize the triggers which may result in aggressive or risky behaviors. This indicates that when the drivers were in the distracted driving state, the visual cognitive resources were occupied to different degrees, and the driving load increased, so they could not effectively obtain road information and needed to adopt the compensatory behavior of expanding the saccade amplitude to adapt to the surrounding environment to ensure driving safety. From 2010 to 2012, our commercial vehicles have a total of 742 cases of death more than 3 people traffic accident, which killed 3476 people and caused bad influence [ 1 ]. Weblap/shoulder seat belts are used properly, they reduce the risk of fatal injury to front-seat passenger car occupants by 45 percent and the risk of moderate-to-critical injury by 50 However, the influence of this new secondary driving task on drivers visual characteristics is still unclear, and there is a lack of corresponding supervision. 3, pp. Learn about modern fleet management and get tips and tricks for transforming your fleet. 3742, 2021. 130, 2022. She most recently worked in the public sector for the Nevada Department of Transportation. 61, pp. P. Gershon, K. R. Sita, C. M. Zhu et al., Distracted driving, visual inattention, and crash risk among teenage drivers, American Journal of Preventive Medicine, vol. A high PAPR of the system is likely to cause signal distortion, which will lead to an increase in the bit error rate (BER) of the system and result in hardware loss and system performance degradation, so it must be suppressed [5052]. Learn how we combine innovation with experience to stand out from the crowd. The maximum value of the data in each row of the decision matrix is selected to form the reference sequence, as shown in equation (10). risk The IEFA of the drivers in different driving states under two traffic conditions was calculated, as shown in Figure 4. The percentage of fixation point offset distance in each interval is shown in Figure 3. The Governors Highway Safety Association has a map featuring drug-impaired driving laws nationwide. Therefore, it is of great significance to explore the visual behavior characteristics of drivers in the process of distracted driving to evaluate the risk of distracted behavior. 3: Distracted driving Risky driving Risky driving behaviors This results in drivers taking greater accountability over improving their safety and compliance, while immediately reducing risk. In the free flow, different types of cell phone call operations had the opposite influence on the IEFA, while the saccade amplitude, PARSV, and RCPA all showed an increasing trend compared to the normal driving state, and the above four types of indicators in congested flow all showed an increasing trend compared to normal driving. Communication: The Key to Understanding Behaviors Drivers can request roadside assistance, identify nearby gas prices, locate discounts, book a hotel or map a route via the AAA Mobile app. Drivers can request roadside assistance, identify nearby gas prices, locate discounts, book a hotel or map a route via the AAA Mobile app. 119, pp. In addition, the existing research results focus on the visual recognition characteristics of drivers distracted by operating cell phones in a single traffic condition of the same road type, with few studies carried out under different traffic conditions. 10, p. 6241, 2022. The design content of the test is described in detail below. Percentage of VSC in each interval for different traffic conditions and driving states. More than 50% of drivers involved in serious injury and fatal crashes tested positive for at least one drug. There have been many years of evolving policies to reduce the instances of this behavior, and it is a combination of stricter enforcement and serious penalties.. As an objective weighting calculation model, the CRITIC method fully exploits the attributes of the indicator data, takes into account the variability within the indicators and the conflict between the indicators to determine the objective weights, and the weighting results are more reliable and reasonable. Firstly, the one-way ANOVA was conducted on the PARSV, as shown in Table 7. The results showed that there was statistically significant when divided into four categories (=563.469, =3.8261064), and the results of the cluster analysis are shown in Table 13. 2: Drug-impaired driving, Risky driving behavior No. The AAA Foundations annual Traffic Safety Culture Index found that drivers who use both marijuana and alcohol were significantly more prone to driving under the influence of alcohol (Table 1) versus those who only drink alcohol but do not use marijuana. 5, no. Based on the objective weighting of indicators using the improved CRITIC method, the VSC was constructed to quantitatively characterize the visual stability of drivers in different driving states, and the K-means clustering method was used to divide the range of VSC values for four types of visual stability, and to comprehensively assess the safety level of driving states from the perspective of visual psychological safety. 14, no. Comparison of drivers VSC for each driving state in different traffic conditions. Normalize the information quantity. 168181, 2021. In contrast, the distribution of VSC was more discrete in free flow, indicating that VSC was more sensitive to the influence of the driving state in this traffic condition, and the value fluctuation interval was larger. Risky driving behaviour The most common distraction research is on cell phone call operations, which is a continuous and cumulative distraction process, and the research usually focuses on hand-held and hands-free calls. Studies have also shown that hands-free calls have no less negative impact on driving performance than hand-held calls [26]. W. Cheng, R. Fu, Y. Ma, Y. Zhou, and J. Liu, Research on driver' cognitive distraction in mobile phone call behavior based on image recognition, China Journal of Highway and Transport, vol. As alcohol is ingested, it passes into the bloodstream and accumulates before the liver metabolizes it. Our team is at your service to share custom demos, guide you to the best solutions, or provide support. texting), drug use, binge drinking, and risky sexual behavior. The two-way ANOVA was adopted, as shown in Table 11, in which both traffic conditions and driving states significantly influenced the drivers RCPA, but their interaction had no significant influence on RCPA. 3 Million Risky Driving Events Analyzed; Top 5 Most Common Risky Behaviors Identified. Survey data also showed that emotional distraction, drowsiness and work-related stress all play significant roles in unsafe driving behaviors. G. M. Fitch, S. A. Soccolich, F. Guo et al., The impact of hand-held and hands-free cell phone use on driving performance and safety-critical event risk, in National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, Washington, DC, USA, 2013. According to statistics for fatigue driving, it was found that fatigue driving is one of the In contrast, the distribution of RCPA was more discrete in free flow, indicating that RCPA was more sensitive to the influence of the driving state in this traffic condition, and the value fluctuated more. At present, scholars have conducted some research on the visual characteristics of drivers when distracted by cell phone operations [13, 1720]. Around 47% of passengers killed in 2019 in crashes were not wearing seat belts. Get your questions answered and learn how our solutions can help you transform your fleet. Manage driver vehicle inspection reports toensure vehicles are in top working order.. Ages 75+: 69.1 percent. 2021, Article ID 6642999, 10 pages, 2021. This behaviour includes everything from texting to checking emails to driving while under emotional strain, all of which can lead to accidents. The variables involved in the test are shown in Table 1. It can be considered that the more orderly the system is, the smaller the information entropy is, and vice versa [46, 47]. 19, no. The original data of each evaluation indicator are standardized as follows:The standardized data matrix is constructed, as shown in the following equation:(3)Indicator variability analysis. 3855, 2021. Firstly, the drivers fixation area was divided into six parts by using the combination of the hierarchical clustering method and mechanical division method. Our websites do not, and are not intended to, provide a comprehensive list of all companies that may provide the products and services you are seeking. The VSC calculation equation is as follows:where denotes the VSC, is the weight coefficient of the th visual characteristics indicator, and is the data of the th visual characteristics indicator of the th driver after standardized processing. API integrations. Currently, the design of distracted driving scenarios for cell phone operation focuses on basic test scenarios such as highways, rural roads, and urban roads, which usually control single traffic conditions for test studies [32]. With the popularization of smartphones and the update of communication software functions, video chatting is becoming increasingly popular. Risky Driving Behaviors Advertised example rates are returned based on the driver's self-reported data and the driver meeting certain criteria. 28, no. * Subject to available cellular network coverage. Request a custom demo to see our solutions in action. M. Oliva, Pupil size and search performance in low and high perceptual load, Cognitive, Affective, & Behavioral Neuroscience, vol. For events that require additional coaching or drivers who may require further attention, Lytx offers a best-in-class prescriptive coaching solution for driver self-coaching, engaging with their managers remotely or reviewing events together in person. The calculation results of the grey correlation coefficient under two traffic conditions are shown in Figure 12. A separate NHTSA study put the cost of vehicle crashes at $340 billion, based on 2019 crash data. The correlation coefficients of the corresponding elements of each comparison sequence and the reference sequence are calculated, respectively, as follows:where is the resolution coefficient, , and according to the algorithm experience, set =0.5. The two-way ANOVA was adopted, as shown in Table 8, which indicated that the driving states had a significant influence on PARSV, while traffic conditions and their interaction with driving states had no significant influence on PARSV. 6328863302, 2019. 4, pp. How high-risk drivers can get lower car insurance rates, Speeding can affect your auto insurance rates, Do Not Sell or Share My Personal Information. 1, p. 10, 2022. However, the distribution of fixation data collected by the eye tracker is discrete, and the pattern is not obvious. The rankings and listings of our reviews, tools and all other content are based on objective analysis, and we fully own our opinions. Evaluation results of grey correlation analysis method. Therefore, the division of visual field areas and the accurate representation of the distribution characteristics of drivers fixation areas are the basis for studying drivers visual characteristics. risky behavior There were 697 drowsy-driving-related crashes in 2019, according to the NHTSA. 9, pp. 1: Drunk driving Risky driving behavior No. People are using their drive time as an opportunity to The eye movement data used to support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon request. Calculate the grey correlation coefficient. The full simulation simulator used in the test was the QJ-4B1 six-degree-of-freedom simulator developed by the French OKTAL Company. 63, pp. D. Monzer, A. Abou Ali, M. Abou-Zeid, and N. M. Moacdieh, Voice messaging while driving: effects on driving performance and attention, Applied Ergonomics, vol. Safe roads are The VSC can quantitatively assess driving risk from the perspective of visual psychological safety and contributes to the development of corresponding early warning and control measures. Results were adjusted for age, gender, education, and race. B. Reimer, B. Mehler, Y. Wang, and J. F. Coughlin, A field study on the impact of variations in short-term memory demands on drivers visual attention and driving performance across three age groups, Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society, vol. The urban expressway scenario was developed for the simulated driving test to collect eye movement data when the drivers were in different driving states during driving to provide data support for the subsequent analysis of the drivers' visual characteristics. Firstly, four visual characteristics indicators that were highly sensitive to traffic conditions and driving states were selected in terms of visual field range, visual recognition, visual search, and visual load, which were the information entropy of fixation area (IEFA), saccade amplitude, peak-to-average ratio of saccade velocity (PARSV), and relative change intensity of pupil area (RCPA). + Estimate based upon select sampling of Lytx client data. Get help with your Lytx solutions through our customer support center. With 4/20 approaching, its worth noting that marijuana use can inhibit concentration, slow reaction times, and cloud judgment. Y. Wang, S. Bao, W. Du, Z. Ye, and J. R. Sayer, Examining drivers' eye glance patterns during distracted driving: insights from scanning randomness and glance transition matrix, Journal of Safety Research, vol. Drivers, Weighted to Represent U.S. Driving Population Ages 16 and Older. WebRisky Driving Behavior: Talking On A Cell Phone While Driving. Furthermore, feature importance analysis was applied to the final. Copyright 2023 AAA. Machine Vision and Artificial Intelligence, Do Not Sell or Share My Personal Information. The factors causing the change were the brightness difference between the cell phone screen and the scenario display equipment, and the increased psychological and physiological load of the drivers during distracted driving, so the RCPA changed significantly under the coupling effect of the two factors. As shown in Table 3, the significance level was 0.05, and the IEFA of drivers in different driving states was significantly different under different traffic conditions. Get to know our vision, experience, and leadership in the telematics industry. This is due to the increased complexity of the driving environment in the congested flow scenario, where drivers need to pay attention to the changes in the traffic flow in front of them at all times, which makes it more challenging to extract information, reducing the saccade range. 575588, 2018. We as humans behave the way we do for one reason: to get what we need and want. Too often people drive impaired or get distracted behind the wheel. Using two or more drugs together can compound the impairing effects of each drug. 1589815908, 2022. 454468, 2012. P. Papantoniou, Structural equation model analysis for the evaluation of overall driving performance: a driving simulator study focusing on driver distraction, Traffic Injury Prevention, vol. And distracted driving is dangerous, resulting in the deaths of 3,142 people in 2020, according to the NHTSA. 17861798, 2022. One-way ANOVA of the influence of driving state on IEFA. Considering the indicator variability and conflict, the information quantity of the th evaluation indicator can be calculated by equation (7). What Are Risky Driving Behaviors? - ANTHEM INJURY LAWYERS 7, pp. According to the division range of visual stability types, the heatmap of the VSC of each driver in different driving states was drawn, as shown in Figure 10. 56, no. H. Chen, Y. Zhao, and X. Ma, Critical factors analysis of severe traffic accidents based on bayesian network in China, Journal of Advanced Transportation, vol. Manufacturing fear-based trigger-happyresponses to innocent behavior can be deadly. Section 2 describes in detail the design content of the distracted driving simulation test. The original data of each evaluation indicator are standardized as follows: The standardized data matrix is constructed, as shown in the following equation: Indicator variability analysis. Table 1. Fixation points represent the spatial focus that drivers pay attention to, and concentrated areas represent drivers Areas of Interest (AOI). At this time, the mutual interference between vehicles was obvious, showing the speed adaptation characteristics, and the road was continuously congested. Euclidean distance was used to establish the distance matrix of the dataset, and the UPGMA algorithm was used to calculate the distance between the two clusters to complete the hierarchical aggregation process. H. Ge, M. Zheng, N. Lyu, Y. Lu, and H. Sun, Review on driving distraction, Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering, vol. The NHTSA says buckling up is the most effective way to protect yourself in a crash. This is an open access article distributed under the, Construction of original data matrix.